Using extensive clinical information available for our discovery cohorts, we investigated correlations between GRS and clinical traits from the time of kidney biopsy including age at diagnosis, 24-h proteinuria (P24), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin (Alb) and serum anti-PLA2R1 antibody level (Supplementary Table 16). The eGFR was estimated based on serum creatinine level using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation55. The proteinuria was quantified using spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratios. The values of proteinuria and eGFR were normalized by natural log-transformation. The serum albumin and anti-PLA2R1 antibody levels also required natural log-transformation. For each quantitative trait, we built a linear regression model with GRS as a predictor and each corresponding trait as an outcome. For dichotomous traits (anti-PLA2R seropositivity or presence of nephrotic range proteinuria), we used logistic regression with a GRS as a predictor and each binary trait as an outcome. The association analysis for age at diagnosis (biopsy) was performed before and after adjustment for sex and ancestry. The tests of proteinuria, eGFR, serum albumin and serum anti-PLA2R1 antibody levels were carried out before and after controlling for age, sex and ancestry. Statistical analyses were implemented in R version 3.3.2.
Downie 3.3.2
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